This assignment is a comparative assignment. Your task is to compare and contrast either Weber OR Durkheim with Freud and Marx on the question of the possibility of freedom and happiness in the modern world. Again, is it possible for all individuals to find freedom and happiness while at the same time all the work that needs to get done in society does get done? In other words, how does each theorist describe and define freedom. What are the similarities and differences between the three? Your answer should be based on the texts that we discussed at length in class. You should have a lot of material in your notes as well. Why does Freud/Weber answer “no” to the question, while Marx/Durkheim answer ‘yes”? Interpret the passages I provide below, include definitions for key terms and you must support your argument with at least two supporting quotes from Durkheim or Weber and Marx and Freud. In other words, find other passages that relate to the ones I give you below and interpret them and incorporate them into your overall argument. Also make a case for why you consider Durkheim’s/Weber’s argument to either complement or contradict Marx and Freud. On what issues to they seem to agree, and on what issues do they seem to disagree? Give your opinion at the end of your essay on which theorist you find to be the most persuasive, or why you find them equally so. Don’t forget to cover key terms in your essay. Your essay should be typed, and at least 5 pages in length (standard spacing, margins and font). It is due on December 10. Consider the following passages from Durkheim, Freud and Marx as a way to get the ball rolling on your assignment. Put their words into your words to provide context for your overall argument. On page 115 of Selected Writings, Durkheim writes, “for man freedom consists in deliverance from blind, unthinking physical forces… The individual submits to society and this submission is the condition of his liberation.” In another passage, which is on page 94 from the same book, Durkheim writes, “The perspective of nothingness is an intolerable burden for us.” On page 441 of the Marx/Engels Reader Marx writes, “the realm of freedom actually begins only where labour which is determined by necessity and mundane consideration ceases…Beyond it [the realm of necessity] begins that development of human energy which is an end in itself, the true realm of freedom.” Elsewhere (page 74) from the essay on “Estranged Labor,” Marx writes, “the result is that man (the worker) feels that he is acting freely only in his animal functions – eating, drinking and procreating, or at most in his dwelling and adornment – while in his human functions he is nothing more than animal.” Page 49 Freud writes: “The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilization. It was perhaps greatest before there was any civilization…The development of civilization imposes restrictions on it, and justice demands that no one shall escape those restrictions. What makes itself felt in a human community as a desire for freedom may be the revolt against some existing injustice, and so may prove favorable to civilization…(page 50) “The urge for freedom, therefore, is directed against particular forms and demands of civilization or against civilization altogether. It does not seem as though any influence could induce a man to change his nature into a termite’s. There is a lot to work with here, and therefore it should be a really enjoyable exercise. There are many ways to read the differences and/or similarities. Make sure to read the entire passages where these quotes come from so you can get the entire context of their arguments and link them to other passages from different parts of the assigned texts. Good luck, and have fun! Requirements: You will be writing 3 short essays during the semester and you combine all three at the end of the semester. For the first essay comparing Marx and Heidegger 25% Second essay comparing Marx to either Foucault or Baudrillard 25% Combined essay: combine Marx and Heidegger with either Foucault or Baudrillard 25% The essay assignments ask you to compare and contrast two theorists on a few general topics that we will discuss at length in class. There is one general question that will guide all of our discussions this semester. The question is the following: Is it possible to create a particular type of society where all people can find freedom and happiness while at the same time, accomplishing all the necessary work needed to keep society functioning properly? In other words, some number of tasks are essential to the proper functioning of society in order to keep society from collapsing. Can all those tasks be accomplished while at the same time all people are able to find freedom and happiness? This begs the questions: what is freedom? What is happiness? Indeed, what is the good life? How do we define the good life, and can our society provide the good life for everyone? Please use the following textbooks: Weber, M., Baehr, P. R., Wells, G. C., & Weber, M. (2012). The Protestant ethic and the “spirit” of capitalism and other writings. New York: Penguin Books. Cambridge University Press. (1972). Emile Durkheim: selected writings. Freud, S., Strachey, J., & Gay, P. (1989). Civilization and its discontents. New York: W.W. Norton. Tucker, R. C., Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1978). The Marx-Engels reader. New York: Norton.
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